Buddhist Philosophy of Mind and Mental Healing. 佛教心靈哲學與心理治療

 In 6-1 section, Prof Ju-En Chien( 簡汝恩 老師 ) talks about pratipakșa(counteraction), samyag-drșți(right view), these are antidotes to defiled mental factors, and also therapeutic function of factor will introduce later in this section.

6-2 section, Prof Ju-En talks about the pratipakșa(counteraction), it is the wholesome mental factors against the defiled mental factors. Right view brings the wholesome mental states and goes free from afflictions. The noble eightfold path, Samyag-drșți(right view 正見), According to Samyukta Agama and Samyutta Nikāya, there four modes of practice to attain the Stream-entry, which are Satpurușasamsevā (associating with superior persons), Saddharmaśravaņa(listening to the correct doctrine), Yoniśomanaskāra(proper contemplating), Dharmānudharmacārī(practicing in accordance with the dharma). In Samgitiparyaya, proper contemplating means ear faculty hearing and ear-consciousness apprehending both do not conflict with the meaning of the Dharma. According to Mahāvibhāșa Sāstra, right view, with proper contemplation. Dřșți (Skt) and Dițțhi(Pāli) both mean seeing, viewing, and beholding. 

6-3 section, Prof Ju-En talks more detail about pratipakșa(counteraction), the meaning of pratipakșa is “the opposite(prati) side(pakșa)”, in Chinese means Zhi(治 Curing a given problem). Buddha is a great healer, Buddha’s teaching: a remedy for suffering, the treatment is completed, the illness does not reoccur in the future, negative karma does not arise. Factors of always being active are: sparśa(觸 sensory contact), manaskāra(作意 attention), vedanā(受 sensation), samjňā(想conceptualization), cetanā(思 volition), it is the arising of mental factors to the process of apprehending the objects. There are undetermined factors: middha(sleepiness), kaukrtya(regret), vitarka(rough examination), vicāra(subtle investigation). Middha and kaukrtya are troubling mental states, interfering with concentration, clouding clear cognition. Vitarka and vicāra are finer qualities of volition and discernment. Wholesome mental factors can correct apprehension, correct knowledge of Buddhist teaching, and Curing.

6-4 section, Prof Ju-En talks about the therapeutic function with the absence of afflictions. Enlightenment is immeasurable pure wholesome dharmas, nescience is  immeasurable unwholesome dharmas. In Cheng Weishi Lun(成唯識論), there are eleven wholesome mental factors: sraddha(faith), hrī(Shame), apatrāpya(Embarrassment), aobha(absence of greed), advesa(absence of anger), amoha(absence of delusion), virya(vigor), prasrabdhi(serenity), apramada(non-carelessness), upeksa(equanimity), avihimsa(non-harmfulness). The amoha(absence of delusion) is counteraction and opposition toward moha(delusion), the sraddha(faith) is counteraction and opposition toward asraddhya(non-faith). The apramada(non-carelessness) is counteraction and opposition toward pramada(carelessness).avihimsa(non-harmfulness) is counteraction and opposition toward himsa(harmfulness). 

6-5 section,  Prof Ju-En talks about the therapeutic function of the factors that are bound to specific objects. Factors bound to specific objects are chanda(wish 欲), adhimoksa(decisive 勝解), smrti(memorizing 念), samadhi(concentration 定), prajna(discernment 慧).  In Cheng Weishi Lun(成唯識論), wishing is pleasing objects, longing for the object, serving as the basis for vigor. Decisive resolve is certainty about what is perceived, firmly and unwaveringly affirming the correctness, the object of determination, ascertainment. According Abhidharma-samuccava, Pancaskandhaka, and Yogacarabhumi, the memorizing is asampramosa(not forgetting), samstute vastu(familiar things), aviksepakarmika(non-distraction). In Cheng Weishi Lun(成唯識論), concentration is mental focus, cittasyaikagrata(mind), upapariksye vastuni(the thing to be examined), jnanasannisrayadanakarmakah(giving support to knowledge.). Discernment is pravicaya(distinguishing the object one intends to examine) in Yogacara text. In thirty seven dharmas (三十七道品), memorizing, concentration, and discernment are panca-indriyani(five faculties 五根) and panca-balani(five powers 五力). Wishing is catvara-rddhipadah(four bases of supernatural power 四神足). samyak-smrti(correct memory 正念) and samyak-samadhi(correct concentration 正定) are eight correct paths.